Hello guys,
It looks like there is some kind of compilation failure on my setup. It comes up with following build fail:
PS D:\Users\Arhitect\Documents\Project_Physalis\Physalis Software\version_1.0a> make flash vr-gcc -Wl,-Map,version_1.0a.map -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=atmega644p fuse.o In_Lining_Functions.o main.o USART.o -o version_1.0a.elf ain.o: In function `main': :\Users\Arhitect\Documents\Project_Physalis\Physalis Software\version_1.0a/main.c:38: undefined reference to `initTimer0' :\Users\Arhitect\Documents\Project_Physalis\Physalis Software\version_1.0a/main.c:41: undefined reference to `initTimer1' :\Users\Arhitect\Documents\Project_Physalis\Physalis Software\version_1.0a/main.c:82: undefined reference to `getDataADC_1' ake: *** [version_1.0a.elf] Error 1 S D:\Users\Arhitect\Documents\Project_Physalis\Physalis Software\version_1.0a>
I looked up on the internet and it seems to me that there is a linker problem. I use makefile for this and honestly what is the linker missing i barely understand. Any input would be helpful
code is below:
>> In_Lining_Functions.h
/********************************************************************************** ** Header File where [AVR's] hardware initialization functions are populated ** ** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** ** -> Timer-0 -> External ADC Device No-1 ** ** -> Timer-1 -> USART-0 ** ** -> System Interrupts ** ** -> CPU clock/Speed ** **********************************************************************************/ #include <avr/io.h> #include <Hardware_Connections_Bay.h> //---------------------------- Hardware Initializations ------------------------ // static inline void initTimer0(void); /**\brief initTimer0() Function sets-up the on-board Timer/Counter-0 for waveform * generation. It is running in CTC mode with output on PB3 port/OC0A. * The OC0A/PB3 toggles each time through generates 1.0 MHz clock signal * on ADC [CLKIN] pin. * \param takes no parameters * \param takes no parameters * \return nothing */ static inline void initTimer1(void); /**\brief initTimer1() Function sets-up 16-bit on-board Timer/Counter-1 * for normal mode operation, and is therefore used for timekeeping * purposes. The clock prescaler is set to no-prescaling, full speed. * \param accept no arguments * \param accept no arguments * \return nothing */ static inline void getDataADC_1(void); /**\brief getDataADC() Function call uses [AVR's] 2 x PORTs E/H banks 2 x 8-Bits * to read the 16-Bit data-bus from the AD-7723 external Analog-Digital-Converter. * The 16-Bit value is then saved in variable. * \param takes no argument * \param takes no argument * \return nothing, saves the value in ADC_data */ void secondsTick(void); /**\brief secondsTick() Function call increments the seconds creating timebase in seconds * which then is compared with the Timer-1's overflows and a second is derived. * This way the timebase of 60 seconds is implemented. * \param takes no argument * \param takes no argument * \return nothing, increments seconds */ //---------------------------- Interrupt Service Routines ---------------------- // ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect); /**< Timer-1 Overflow interrupt service routine to count amount of overflows for timebase */
>> In_Lining_Functions.c
#include <In_Lining_Functions.h>
uint8_t ADC_lowbyte, ADC_highbyte;
uint16_t ADC_data;
volatile uint16_t sys_tick;
volatile uint8_t seconds_;
//---------------------------- Interrupt Service Routines ---------------------- //
ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect){
sys_tick++;
}
//---------------------------- Hardware Initializations ------------------------ //
static inline void initTimer0(void){
TCCR0A |= (1 << WGM01) | (1 << COM0A0); // toggle OCR0A on compare match
TCCR0B |= (1 << CS00); // Timer-0/8 Bit in CTC mode and clock prescaler set div/1024
}
static inline void initTimer1(void){
TCCR1B |= (1 << CS10); // timer clock prescaler at full speed no/prescaling
TIMSK1 |= (1 << TOIE1); // timer overflow interrupt enabled
}
static inline void getDataADC_1(void){
while((SAMPLE_ADC_CONTROL_PIN & (1 << DATA_READY_ADC)))
{ } // waiting time for DRDY to transition from HIGH >> LOW
ADC_lowbyte = SAMPLE_ADC_LOW_PIN; // saves status of pins in BANK(A)in ADC_lowbyte variable
ADC_highbyte = SAMPLE_ADC_HIGH_PIN; // saves status of pins in BANK(C)in ADC_highbyte variable
ADC_data = ADC_lowbyte | (ADC_highbyte << 8); // Bitwise OR-ing to combine low-byte and high-byte
}
void secondsTick(void){
seconds_++ ;
if(seconds_ > 59){
seconds_ = 0;
}
}
>> main.c
//----------------- Preamble ----------------- //
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <USART.h>
#include <avr/power.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <In_Lining_Functions.h>
#include <Hardware_Connections_Bay.h>
#define OVERFLOWS_PER_SECOND 336 // 22 MHz/65535 ~ = 335.6984 overflows
uint8_t ADC_lowbyte, ADC_highbyte; // global variables which hold 16 bit DB(0-15) ADC data-bus
uint16_t ADC_data; // low and high bytes combined into one 16-bit word
volatile uint16_t sys_tick; // timebase implemented on Timer-1 overflows
volatile uint8_t seconds_;
//----------------- Initializations ----------------- //
int main (void){
initUSART0(); // start USART-0
printString("\nUSART-0 Hardware >>> initialized");
printString("\r\n\n");
initTimer0(); // start Timer-0
printString("Timer-0 Hardware >>> initialized");
printString("\r\n\n");
initTimer1(); // start Timer-1
printString("Timer-1 Hardware >>> initialized");
printString("\r\n\n");
_delay_ms(2000);
printString("\r\n\n\n\n");
printString("//---------------------=( )=--------------------//");
printString("\r\n\n");
//printString("|------------------------|\r\n");
//printString("| / | |\r\n");
//printString("| <>/<>_ __ _<>|<> |\r\n");
//printString("| / | | | |\r\n");
//printString("| (o) |(o) | (o) |\r\n");
//printString("| (o) (o) | (o) |\r\n");
//printString("| (o) | |\r\n");
//printString("| <>|<> |\r\n");
//printString("| (o)(o) |\r\n");
//printString("| (o)(o) |\r\n");
//printString("| (o) |\r\n");
//printString("| |\r\n");
//printString("|------------------------|\r\n\n");
printString("//------------=( )=---------//");
printString("\r\n\n");
printString("//--------------------=( Firmware version 1.0a )=-----------------//");
printString("\r\n\n");
printString("//-------------=( Compiled on: " __DATE__ " " __TIME__ " )=------------//");
printString("\r\n\n");
_delay_ms(2000);
SAMPLE_ADC_CONTROL_DDR |= (1 << STATUS_LED); // LED setup for loop execution timing checks
SAMPLE_ADC_CONTROL_DDR &= ~ (1 << DATA_READY_ADC); // DRDY data-ready/PB2 setup for input mode
SAMPLE_ADC_CONTROL_DDR |= (1 << CLOCK_IN_ADC); // PB3/OC0A setup output mode for ADC clocking via Timer-0
SAMPLE_ADC_LOW_DDR = 0x00; // ADC low byte data direction register setup in input mode BANK(A)
SAMPLE_ADC_LOW_PORT = 0x00; // ADC Low byte port pull-up enabled, BANK(A)
SAMPLE_ADC_HIGH_DDR = 0x00; // ADC high byte data direction register setup in input mode BANK(C)
SAMPLE_ADC_HIGH_PORT = 0x00; // ADC high byte port pull-up enabled, BANK(C)
OCR0A = 20; // Timer-0 output frequency setup for ADC(CLKIN) pin ~ 150 KHz
sei();
//----------------- Event loop ----------------- //
while(1){// collects low and high bytes from ADC and combines them
getDataADC_1();
if(sys_tick == OVERFLOWS_PER_SECOND){
sys_tick = 0;
secondsTick();
}
SAMPLE_ADC_CONTROL_PORT ^= (1 << STATUS_LED); //loop execution time ~ 2.35 KHz
}
return(0);
}
FYI all files together with makefile are stored in one folder on the hard drive.
>> the makefile
##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Project-specific Details ########## ########## Check these every time you start a new project ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## MCU = atmega644p F_CPU = 22000000UL BAUD = 115200UL ## Also try BAUD = 19200 or 38400 if you're feeling lucky. ## A directory for common include files and the simple USART library. ## If you move either the current folder or the Library folder, you'll ## need to change this path to match. LIBDIR = ../../AVR-Programming-Library ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Programmer Defaults ########## ########## Set up once, then forget about it ########## ########## (Can override. See bottom of file.) ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp # extra arguments to avrdude: baud rate, chip type, -F flag, etc. PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -P com6 -b 19200 ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Program Locations ########## ########## Won't need to change if they're in your PATH ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## CC = avr-gcc OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy OBJDUMP = avr-objdump AVRSIZE = avr-size AVRDUDE = avrdude ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Makefile Magic! ########## ########## Summary: ########## ########## We want a .hex file ########## ########## Compile source files into .elf ########## ########## Convert .elf file into .hex ########## ########## You shouldn't need to edit below. ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ## The name of your project (without the .c) # TARGET = blinkLED ## Or name it automatically after the enclosing directory TARGET = $(lastword $(subst /, ,$(CURDIR))) # Object files: will find all .c/.h files in current directory # and in LIBDIR. If you have any other (sub-)directories with code, # you can add them in to SOURCES below in the wildcard statement. SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c) OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o) HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h) ## Compilation options, type man avr-gcc if you're curious. CPPFLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR) CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall ## Use short (8-bit) data types CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums ## Splits up object files per function CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map ## Optional, but often ends up with smaller code LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections ## Relax shrinks code even more, but makes disassembly messy ## LDFLAGS += -Wl,--relax ## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm ## for floating-point printf ## LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min ## for smaller printf TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU) ## Explicit pattern rules: ## To make .o files from .c files %.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<; $(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@ %.hex: %.elf $(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@ %.eeprom: %.elf $(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@ %.lst: %.elf $(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@ ## These targets don't have files named after them .PHONY: all disassemble disasm eeprom size clean squeaky_clean flash fuses all: $(TARGET).hex debug: @echo @echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES) @echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD) @echo # Optionally create listing file from .elf # This creates approximate assembly-language equivalent of your code. # Useful for debugging time-sensitive bits, # or making sure the compiler does what you want. disassemble: $(TARGET).lst disasm: disassemble # Optionally show how big the resulting program is size: $(TARGET).elf $(AVRSIZE) -C --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf clean: rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).obj \ $(TARGET).o $(TARGET).d $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).lst \ $(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).map $(TARGET)~ \ $(TARGET).eeprom squeaky_clean: rm -f *.elf *.hex *.obj *.o *.d *.eep *.lst *.lss *.sym *.map *~ *.eeprom ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Programmer-specific details ########## ########## Flashing code to AVR using avrdude ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## flash: $(TARGET).hex $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U flash:w:$< ## An alias program: flash flash_eeprom: $(TARGET).eeprom $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -U eeprom:w:$< avrdude_terminal: $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nt ## If you've got multiple programmers that you use, ## you can define them here so that it's easy to switch. ## To invoke, use something like `make flash_arduinoISP` flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbtiny flash_usbtiny: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBTiny works with no further arguments flash_usbtiny: flash flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = usbasp flash_usbasp: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = # USBasp works with no further arguments flash_usbasp: flash flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 ## (for windows) flash_arduinoISP: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P com5 flash_arduinoISP: flash flash_109: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avr109 flash_109: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 9600 -P /dev/ttyUSB0 flash_109: flash #flash_AVR_ISP_MK_II: PROGRAMMER_TYPE = avrisp_mk2 #flash_AVR_ISP_MK_II: PROGRAMMER_ARGS = -b 19200 -P USB ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ########## Fuse settings and suitable defaults ########## ##########------------------------------------------------------########## ## Mega 48, 88, 168, 328 default values LFUSE = 0x62 HFUSE = 0xdf EFUSE = 0x00 ## Generic FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m fuses: $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) \ $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) $(FUSE_STRING) show_fuses: $(AVRDUDE) -c $(PROGRAMMER_TYPE) -p $(MCU) $(PROGRAMMER_ARGS) -nv ## Called with no extra definitions, sets to defaults set_default_fuses: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m -U efuse:w:$(EFUSE):m set_default_fuses: fuses ## Set the fuse byte for full-speed mode ## Note: can also be set in firmware for modern chips set_fast_fuse: LFUSE = 0xE2 set_fast_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U lfuse:w:$(LFUSE):m set_fast_fuse: fuses ## Set the EESAVE fuse byte to preserve EEPROM across flashes set_eeprom_save_fuse: HFUSE = 0xD7 set_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m set_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses ## Clear the EESAVE fuse byte clear_eeprom_save_fuse: FUSE_STRING = -U hfuse:w:$(HFUSE):m clear_eeprom_save_fuse: fuses
