Hello,
I'm very new to Microcontrollers programming, therefore I want to learn the basic and not always use the Arduino IDE. I want to generate sound with PWM.
I found this Script which works with Arduino IDE:
int speakerPin = 3; int length = 70; String notes[] = {"G4","G4", "G4", "D#4/Eb4", "A#4/Bb4", "G4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4", "D5", "D5", "D5", "D#5/Eb5", "A#4/Bb4", "F#4/Gb4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4", "G5","G4","G4","G5","F#5/Gb5", "F5","E5","D#5/Eb5","E5", "rest", "G4", "rest","C#5/Db5","C5","B4","A#4/Bb4","A4","A#4/Bb4", "rest", "D#4/Eb4", "rest", "F#4/Gb4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4" ,"D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4"}; int beats[] = { 8, 8, 8, 6, 2, 8, 6 , 2 ,16 , 8, 8, 8, 6, 2, 8, 6, 2, 16,8,6,2,8,6,2,2, 2, 2,6,2,2,8,6,2,2,2,2,6,2,2,9,6,2,8,6,2,16 }; int tempo = 50; void playTone(int tone, int duration) { for (long i = 0; i < duration * 1000L; i += tone * 2) { digitalWrite(speakerPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(tone); digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(tone); } } void playNote(String note, int duration) { String noteNames[] = { "D#4/Eb4", "E4", "F4", "F#4/Gb4", "G4", "G#4/Ab4", "A4", "A#4/Bb4", "B4", "C5", "C#5/Db5", "D5", "D#5/Eb5", "E5", "F5", "F#5/Gb5", "G5", "G#5/Ab5", "A5", "A#5/Bb5", "B5", "C6", "C#6/Db6", "D6", "D#6/Eb6", "E6", "F6", "F#6/Gb6", "G6" }; int tones[] = { 1607, 1516, 1431, 1351, 1275, 1203, 1136, 1072, 1012, 955, 901, 851, 803, 758, 715, 675, 637, 601, 568, 536, 506, 477, 450, 425, 401, 379, 357, 337, 318 }; for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++) { if (noteNames[i] == note) { playTone(tones[i], duration); } } } void setup() { pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { if (notes[i] == "rest") { delay(beats[i] * tempo); } else { playNote(notes[i], beats[i] * tempo); } delay(tempo / 2); } }
An transformed it to native c and avr libs. This is my result:
#include <avr/io.h> #define F_CPU 14745600L #include <util/delay.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define NUMBER_OF_STRING 70 #define MAX_STRING_SIZE 10 int length = 70; char notes[][MAX_STRING_SIZE] = {"G4","G4", "G4", "D#4/Eb4", "A#4/Bb4", "G4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4", "D5", "D5", "D5", "D#5/Eb5", "A#4/Bb4", "F#4/Gb4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4", "G5","G4","G4","G5","F#5/Gb5", "F5","E5","D#5/Eb5","E5", "rest", "G4", "rest","C#5/Db5","C5","B4","A#4/Bb4","A4","A#4/Bb4", "rest", "D#4/Eb4", "rest", "F#4/Gb4", "D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4" ,"D#4/Eb4","A#4/Bb4", "G4"}; int beats[] = { 8, 8, 8, 6, 2, 8, 6 , 2 ,16 , 8, 8, 8, 6, 2, 8, 6, 2, 16,8,6,2,8,6,2,2, 2, 2,6,2,2,8,6,2,2,2,2,6,2,2,9,6,2,8,6,2,16 }; int tempo = 40; void playTone(int tone, int duration) { for (long i = 0; i < duration * 1000L; i += tone * 2) { PORTD |= (1<<PORTD3); _delay_us(tone); PORTD &= ~(1<<PORTD3); _delay_us(tone); } }; void playNote(char note[MAX_STRING_SIZE], int duration) { char noteNames[][MAX_STRING_SIZE] = { "D#4/Eb4", "E4", "F4", "F#4/Gb4", "G4", "G#4/Ab4", "A4", "A#4/Bb4", "B4", "C5", "C#5/Db5", "D5", "D#5/Eb5", "E5", "F5", "F#5/Gb5", "G5", "G#5/Ab5", "A5", "A#5/Bb5", "B5", "C6", "C#6/Db6", "D6", "D#6/Eb6", "E6", "F6", "F#6/Gb6", "G6" }; int tones[] = { 1607, 1516, 1431, 1351, 1275, 1203, 1136, 1072, 1012, 955, 901, 851, 803, 758, 715, 675, 637, 601, 568, 536, 506, 477, 450, 425, 401, 379, 357, 337, 318 }; for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++) { if (strcmp(noteNames[i],note) == 1) { playTone(tones[i], duration); } } }; void setup() { DDRD |= (1<<DDD3); }; void loop() { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { if (strcmp(notes[i], "rest")== 1) { _delay_ms(beats[i] * tempo); } else { playNote(notes[i], beats[i] * tempo); } _delay_ms(tempo / 2); } } int main(){ // Pin ansteuern // DDRD --> data direct register von Port DDRD, 8 bit --> 00011010 --> 0 ist input, 1 output setup(); loop(); }
If I flash my microcontroller with that, the first three tones are correct but then it tangles up and doesn't play the right notes and uses the right tempo.
Can you help me what is the problem?
Thanks