I've been using this Makefile for a couple years with the ATmega328p with no problems. So I got an ATxmega128a4u and changed the top line:
MCU = atxmega128a4u #MCU = atmega328p F_CPU = 16000000UL BAUD = 19200UL LIBDIR = lib print-%: @echo '$*=$($*)' CC = avr-gcc TARGET = main SOURCES=$(wildcard *.c $(LIBDIR)/*.c) OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.c=.o) HEADERS=$(SOURCES:.c=.h) CPPFLAGS = -DMAIN_C -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DBAUD=$(BAUD) -I. -I$(LIBDIR) CFLAGS = -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TARGET).map LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections TARGET_ARCH = -mmcu=$(MCU) %.o: %.c $(HEADERS) Makefile $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) -c -o $@ $<; $(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(TARGET_ARCH) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@ %.hex: %.elf $(OBJCOPY) -j .text -j .data -O ihex $< $@ %.eeprom: %.elf $(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@ %.lst: %.elf $(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@ ## These targets don't have files named after them .PHONY: all all: $(TARGET).hex debug: @echo @echo "Source files:" $(SOURCES) @echo "MCU, F_CPU, BAUD:" $(MCU), $(F_CPU), $(BAUD) @echo
and I get a strange error:
avr-gcc -Os -g -std=gnu99 -Wall -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -DMAIN_C -DF_CPU=16000000UL -DBAUD=19200UL -I. -Ilib -mmcu=atxmega128a4u -c -o USART.o USART.c; <command-line>:0:6: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before numeric constant
I did a google search and it has something to do with not escaping nl's in macros.
so I made a script file:
avr-gcc -O2 -Wall -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fmessage-length=0 -ffunction-sections -DF_CPU=16000000UL -mmcu=atxmega128a4u -c -o main.o main.c avr-gcc -O2 -Wall -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fmessage-length=0 -ffunction-sections -DF_CPU=16000000UL -mmcu=atxmega128a4u -c -o USART.o USART.c avr-gcc -mmcu=atxmega128a4u -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl, -omain.elf main.o
and it compiles the main.c but the USART.c gives these errors:
In file included from main.c:9:0:
USART.h:7:2: warning: #warning "ATxmega128A4U defined" [-Wcpp]
#warning "ATxmega128A4U defined"
^
In file included from USART.c:24:0:
USART.h:7:2: warning: #warning "ATxmega128A4U defined" [-Wcpp]
#warning "ATxmega128A4U defined"
^
USART.c: In function ‘initUSART’:
USART.c:29:2: error: ‘UBRR0H’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UBRR0H = (UCHAR)(baud >> 8);
^
USART.c:29:2: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
USART.c:30:2: error: ‘UBRR0L’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UBRR0L = (UCHAR)baud;
^
USART.c:31:2: error: ‘UCSR0B’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0B = (1<<RXEN0) | (1<<TXEN0);
^
USART.c:31:15: error: ‘RXEN0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0B = (1<<RXEN0) | (1<<TXEN0);
^
USART.c:31:28: error: ‘TXEN0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0B = (1<<RXEN0) | (1<<TXEN0);
^
USART.c:32:2: error: ‘UCSR0C’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00);
^
USART.c:32:15: error: ‘USBS0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00);
^
USART.c:32:28: error: ‘UCSZ00’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00);
^
USART.c: In function ‘transmitByte’:
USART.c:51:10: error: ‘UCSR0A’ undeclared (first use in this function)
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<UDRE0)))
^
USART.c:51:23: error: ‘UDRE0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<UDRE0)))
^
USART.c:52:2: error: ‘UDR0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
UDR0 = data;
^
USART.c: In function ‘receiveByte’:
USART.c:56:10: error: ‘UCSR0A’ undeclared (first use in this function)
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<RXC0)));
^
USART.c:56:23: error: ‘RXC0’ undeclared (first use in this function)
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<RXC0)));
^
USART.c:57:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
/usr/lib/gcc/avr/4.9.2/../../../avr/bin/ld: cannot find : No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statusI'm compiling main.c & USART.C:
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "../avr8-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/avr/include/util/delay.h"
#include "sfr_helper.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "macros.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "USART.h"
int main(void)
{
unsigned char xbyte;
initUSART(19200);
_delay_ms(100);
xbyte = 0x21;
_delay_ms(100);
while(1)
{
_delay_ms(50);
transmitByte(xbyte);
if(--xbyte < 0x21)
xbyte = 0x7e;
}
return 0;
}
#ifndef _USART_H
#define _USART_H
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "../avr8-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/avr/include/util/delay.h"
//#include "../avr8-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/avr/include/avr/iom128a.h"
#include "sfr_helper.h"
#include "USART.h"
#include <util/setbaud.h>
void initUSART(UINT baud)
{
UBRR0H = (UCHAR)(baud >> 8);
UBRR0L = (UCHAR)baud;
UCSR0B = (1<<RXEN0) | (1<<TXEN0);
UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00);
}
#if 0
void initUSART(void) { /* requires BAUD */
UBRR0H = UBRRH_VALUE; /* defined in setbaud.h */
UBRR0L = UBRRL_VALUE;
#if USE_2X
UCSR0A |= (1 << U2X0);
#else
UCSR0A &= ~(1 << U2X0);
#endif
/* Enable USART transmitter/receiver */
UCSR0B = (1 << TXEN0) | (1 << RXEN0);
UCSR0C = (1 << UCSZ01) | (1 << UCSZ00); /* 8 data bits, 1 stop bit */
}
#endif
void transmitByte(uint8_t data)
{
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<UDRE0)))
UDR0 = data;
}
UCHAR receiveByte(void)
{
while(!(UCSR0A & (1<<RXC0)));
}
#if 0
void transmitByte(uint8_t data) {
/* Wait for empty transmit buffer */
loop_until_bit_is_set(UCSR0A, UDRE0);
UDR0 = data; /* send data */
}
uint8_t receiveByte(void) {
loop_until_bit_is_set(UCSR0A, RXC0); /* Wait for incoming data */
return UDR0; /* return register value */
}
#endif
/* Here are a bunch of useful printing commands */
void printString(const char myString[]) {
uint8_t i = 0;
while (myString[i]) {
transmitByte(myString[i]);
i++;
}
}
void readString(char myString[], uint8_t maxLength) {
char response;
uint8_t i;
i = 0;
while (i < (maxLength - 1)) { /* prevent over-runs */
response = receiveByte();
transmitByte(response); /* echo */
if (response == '\r') { /* enter marks the end */
break;
}
else {
myString[i] = response; /* add in a letter */
i++;
}
}
myString[i] = 0; /* terminal NULL character */
}
void printByte(uint8_t byte) {
/* Converts a byte to a string of decimal text, sends it */
transmitByte('0' + (byte / 100)); /* Hundreds */
transmitByte('0' + ((byte / 10) % 10)); /* Tens */
transmitByte('0' + (byte % 10)); /* Ones */
}
void printWord(UINT word) {
transmitByte('0' + (word / 10000)); /* Ten-thousands */
transmitByte('0' + ((word / 1000) % 10)); /* Thousands */
transmitByte('0' + ((word / 100) % 10)); /* Hundreds */
transmitByte('0' + ((word / 10) % 10)); /* Tens */
transmitByte('0' + (word % 10)); /* Ones */
}
void printBinaryByte(uint8_t byte) {
/* Prints out a byte as a series of 1's and 0's */
uint8_t bit;
for (bit = 7; bit < 255; bit--) {
if (bit_is_set(byte, bit))
transmitByte('1');
else
transmitByte('0');
}
}
char nibbleToHexCharacter(uint8_t nibble) {
/* Converts 4 bits into hexadecimal */
if (nibble < 10) {
return ('0' + nibble);
}
else {
return ('A' + nibble - 10);
}
}
void printHexByte(uint8_t byte) {
/* Prints a byte as its hexadecimal equivalent */
uint8_t nibble;
nibble = (byte & 0b11110000) >> 4;
transmitByte(nibbleToHexCharacter(nibble));
nibble = byte & 0b00001111;
transmitByte(nibbleToHexCharacter(nibble));
}
uint8_t getNumber(void) {
// Gets a numerical 0-255 from the serial port.
// Converts from string to number.
char hundreds = '0';
char tens = '0';
char ones = '0';
char thisChar = '0';
do { /* shift over */
hundreds = tens;
tens = ones;
ones = thisChar;
thisChar = receiveByte(); /* get a new character */
transmitByte(thisChar); /* echo */
} while (thisChar != '\r'); /* until type return */
return (100 * (hundreds - '0') + 10 * (tens - '0') + ones - '0');
}
#endifWhat's really weird is if I change the top line back to MCU = atmega328p it compiles fine.
