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misaligned operand on rcall
 
AVR Freaks Forum Index » AVR32 (32-bit) Technical Forums » AVR32 General (standalone)
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fossatienrico
PostPosted: Sep 26, 2007 - 05:54 PM
Rookie


Joined: Jul 31, 2007
Posts: 20
Hello,
I try to write this code to change a value of a bit in a register but I receive an error on "rcall subr":

Code:

.byte GCC_GNU
.include <avr32/gpio_100.h>

.byte GPIO_BASE_ADD      -61440


.section  .reset

   lddpc   pc,_main
       
        .align  2
      
_main:
   .section  code32

main:   
   nop

   rcall   subr
   
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   mov   r0,AVR32_GPIO_GPER0
   
   mov   r1,0
   sbr   r1,1   
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1
   
   nop

subr:
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   ld.w   r1,r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0]
   sbr   r1,0
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1

   ret   r12   
   
   .align  2
   .end


Compiler error is:
make -k all
Building file: ../main.s
Invoking: AVR32/GNU Assembler
avr32-as -mpart=uc3a0512 -g -o"main.o" "../main.s"
../main.s: Assembler messages:
../main.s:56: Error: misaligned operand (required alignment: 2)
make: *** [main.o] Error 1
make: Target `all' not remade because of errors.

and the line is "rcall subr". Sorry but Idon't know if I use correctly ".align" and ".section".

Thank you very much.
 
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how
PostPosted: Sep 26, 2007 - 06:23 PM
Posting Freak


Joined: Apr 26, 2006
Posts: 1079
Location: Trondheim, Norway
I suggest you put ".align 2" right before your "main:" and "subr:" labels. You can probably get away with ".align 1" though.

Btw, you don't seem to have any contents at your _main label...?
 
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fossatienrico
PostPosted: Sep 26, 2007 - 06:38 PM
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Joined: Jul 31, 2007
Posts: 20
Thank you very much for your advice.
But the entire code is:
Code:

// scelta del tipo di compilatore utilizzare
.byte GCC_GNU
//#define GCC_IAR   

// include   
.ifdef GCC_GNU   
   .include <avr32/iouc3a0512.h>
   .include <avr32/gpio_100.h>
.endif
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   //#include <avr32/iouc3a0512.h>
   #include <avr32/gpio_100.h>
.endif

// definizione delle costanti
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .byte GPIO_BASE_ADD      -61440
.endif
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   #define   GPIO_BASE_ADD   -61440      // 0xFFFF1000
.endif


.ifdef GCC_IAR
   RSEG   RESET
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .section  .reset
.endif

   lddpc   pc,_main
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
.endif
   
_main:

.ifdef GCC_IAR   
   DC32   main
.endif      
   
.ifdef GCC_IAR   
   RSEG   CODE32
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .section  code32
.endif

.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
.endif
main:   
   nop

   rcall   subr
   
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   mov   r0,AVR32_GPIO_GPER0
   
   mov   r1,0
   sbr   r1,1   
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1
   
   nop

.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
.endif   
subr:
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   ld.w   r1,r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0]
   sbr   r1,0
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1
;
   ret   r12   
   
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
   END
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .align  2
   .end
.endif


I would write code for IAR GCC code and GNU GCC code but the differences are directive for preprocessor. If I write like you advice me I receive this errors:
make -k all
Building file: ../main.s
Invoking: AVR32/GNU Assembler
avr32-as -mpart=uc3a0512 -g -o"main.o" "../main.s"
Finished building: ../main.s

Building target: prasm1.elf
Invoking: AVR32/GNU C++ Linker
avr32-g++ -mpart=uc3a0512 -o"prasm1.elf" ./main.o
/usr/lib/gcc/avr32/4.1.2/../../../../avr32/lib/uc/crt0.o: In function `_stext':
/home/rpmbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/gcc-4.1.2/newlib/libc/sys/avr32/crt0.SSad.text+0x94): undefined reference to `main'
./main.oSad.text+0x0): undefined reference to `GCC_GNU'
./main.o: In function `main':
../main.s:60: undefined reference to `GPIO_BASE_ADD'
../main.s:61: undefined reference to `AVR32_GPIO_GPER0'
../main.s:65: undefined reference to `AVR32_GPIO_GPER0'
./main.o: In function `subr':
../main.s:73: undefined reference to `GPIO_BASE_ADD'
../main.s:74: undefined reference to `AVR32_GPIO_GPER0'
../main.s:76: undefined reference to `AVR32_GPIO_GPER0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prasm1.elf] Error 1
make: Target `all' not remade because of errors.
Build complete for project prasm1

I think that the problem is on first line of my code :
Code:

.byte GCC_GNU
//#define GCC_IAR   

I think that ".byte" is not same of "#define".

Thank you very much.
 
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fossatienrico
PostPosted: Sep 27, 2007 - 09:09 AM
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Joined: Jul 31, 2007
Posts: 20
I solved some problems but I have anothuer problems with linker; I write this code
Code:

// scelta del tipo di compilatore utilizzare
.equ GCC_GNU,1
//#define GCC_IAR   

// include   
.ifdef GCC_GNU   
   //.include <avr32/uc3a0512.h>
   //.include "avr32/gpio_100.h"
.endif
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   #include <avr32/iouc3a0512.h>
   #include <avr32/gpio_100.h>
.endif

// definizione delle costanti
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .equ GPIO_BASE_ADD,      -61440
   .equ AVR32_GPIO_GPER0,   0x00000000
.endif
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   #define   GPIO_BASE_ADD   -61440      // 0xFFFF1000
.endif


.ifdef GCC_IAR
   RSEG   RESET
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .section  .reset
.endif

   lddpc   pc,_main
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .align   2
.endif
   
_main:

.ifdef GCC_IAR   
   DC32   main
.endif      
   
.ifdef GCC_IAR   
   RSEG   CODE32
.endif
.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .text
.endif

.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .align   2
.endif
main:   
   nop

   rcall   subr
   
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   mov   r0,AVR32_GPIO_GPER0
   
   mov   r1,0
   sbr   r1,1   
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1
   
   nop

.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .align   2
.endif   
subr:
   mov   r0,GPIO_BASE_ADD
   ld.w   r1,r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0]
   sbr   r1,0
   st.w   r0[AVR32_GPIO_GPER0],r1
;
   ret   r12   
   
.ifdef GCC_IAR
   ALIGN   2
   END
.endif

.ifdef GCC_GNU
   .align  2
.endif

.end   

and the error is:
**** Build of configuration Debug for project prasm1 ****

make -k all
Building file: ../main.s
Invoking: AVR32/GNU Assembler
avr32-as -I/usr/avr32/include -mpart=uc3a0512 -g -o"main.o" "../main.s"
Finished building: ../main.s

Building target: prasm1.elf
Invoking: AVR32/GNU C++ Linker
avr32-g++ -mpart=uc3a0512 -o"prasm1.elf" ./main.o
/usr/lib/gcc/avr32/4.1.2/../../../../avr32/lib/uc/crt0.o: In function `_stext':
/home/rpmbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/gcc-4.1.2/newlib/libc/sys/avr32/crt0.SSad.text+0x94): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [prasm1.elf] Error 1
make: Target `all' not remade because of errors.
Build complete for project prasm1


Sorry, another question: where I can find a correct documentation for preprocessor and assembler?
Thank you very much
 
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how
PostPosted: Sep 27, 2007 - 02:48 PM
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Joined: Apr 26, 2006
Posts: 1079
Location: Trondheim, Norway
If you use avr32-gcc instead of avr32-as and call the file main.S (with a capital S) the regular C-style preprocessor directives will work.

You can find some documentation here (assembler, linker, etc.):
http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs-2.17/

and some documentation here (compiler, preprocessor, etc.):
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/
 
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